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• Identify how multiple drug concentrations pose a medication safety risk to patients in inpatient and outpatient settings, especially during transfers of care.
• Discuss strategies for reducing the number of drug concentrations available for surgical and procedural operations.
• Discuss the use of ready to administer manufacturer prepared pre-filled syringes in the operating room and how such syringes may improve patient safety (including patient safety concerned with opioid administration), reduce opportunities for errors, and reduce medication waste.
• Apply principles of drug standardization to identify three drugs within the learner’s facility that could benefit from a limited set of concentrations for medications. Such medications have been labeled as high-alert or known to have produced a significant number of adverse events.

Dr. Monica Harbell is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine at the Mayo Clinic in Phoenix, AZ.

Dr. Elizabeth Rebello is Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Dr. Navil F. Sethna is Clinical Director of the Pediatric Pain Rehabilitation Center and Senior Associate in Pain Medicine and Perioperative Anesthesia within the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine at Boston Children’s Hospital.

Dr. Nathaniel Sims is the Newbower/Eitan MGH Endowed Chair in Biomedical Technology Innovation within the Department of Anesthesia, Clinical Care and Pain Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital.

The American Society of Anesthesiologists remains strongly committed to providing the best available evidence-based clinical information to participants of this educational activity and requires an open disclosure of any potential conflict of interest identified by our faculty members. It is not the intent of the American Society of Anesthesiologists to eliminate all situations of potential conflict of interest, but rather to enable those who are working with the American Society of Anesthesiologists to recognize situations that may be subject to question by others. All disclosed conflicts of interest are reviewed by the educational activity course director/chair to ensure that such situations are properly evaluated and, if necessary, resolved. The American Society of Anesthesiologists educational standards pertaining to conflict of interest are intended to maintain the professional autonomy of the clinical experts inherent in promoting a balanced presentation of science. Through our review process, all American Society of Anesthesiologists education activities are ensured of independent, objective, scientifically balanced presentations of information. Disclosure of any or no relationships will be made available for all educational activities.

Dr. Monica Harbell, Dr. Elizabeth Rebello, and Dr. Navil Sethna have disclosed no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Dr. Nathaniel Sims has disclosed a financial relationship with Baxter Pharmaceuticals.